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B1 · Intermediate15 min

Third Conditional

Syllabus topic 19: Third Conditional

Third Conditional. The third conditional imagines a different past: if + had + past participle, would have + past participle.

How it works

The third conditional imagines a different past: if + had + past participle, would have + past participle. Could have and might have indicate ability or possibility. The actual past cannot be changed; the construction explores alternatives.

Examples in context

Notice how each form fits its sentence. Read the context before choosing a form.

  • If I had known, I would have helped.
  • If she had left earlier, she would have caught it.
  • We would have won if we had practiced more.
  • He might have passed if he had studied.
  • If I'd seen you, I'd have waved.

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If I had known, I ___ have helped.

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