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B2 · Pre-advanced15 min

Complex gerund & infinitive forms

Syllabus topic 16: Complex gerund & infinitive forms

Complex gerund & infinitive forms. Perfect infinitives/gerunds refer to earlier actions, passive forms put the action on the understood subject, and continuous infinitives highlight duration.

How it works

Perfect infinitives/gerunds refer to earlier actions, passive forms put the action on the understood subject, and continuous infinitives highlight duration. Compare to do, to be doing, to have done, to be done and to have been done. The governing verb still determines infinitive versus gerund.

Examples in context

Notice how each form fits its sentence. Read the context before choosing a form.

  • She seems to have missed the deadline.
  • He resents being treated like a child.
  • The report is said to have been leaked.
  • She appears to be working on something.
  • He denied having seen the message.

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She seems to have ___ the deadline.

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