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B2 · Pre-advanced15 min

Ellipsis & substitution

Syllabus topic 24: Ellipsis & substitution

Ellipsis & substitution. Ellipsis leaves out recoverable words, often after an auxiliary: I can, but she can't.

How it works

Ellipsis leaves out recoverable words, often after an auxiliary: I can, but she can't. Substitution uses one/ones for count nouns and so/not for clauses: I think so, I hope not. Do so can replace an action, but is unsuitable for many state meanings.

Examples in context

Notice how each form fits its sentence. Read the context before choosing a form.

  • I need a pen. Do you have one?
  • Will it rain? I hope not. (negative reply)
  • She can drive, but I can't.
  • These shoes are too small. I'd like larger ones.
  • He promised to call and did so.

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I need a pen. Do you have ___?

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