How it works
Distinguish permission, obligation, prohibition and lack of necessity. Mustn't prohibits; needn't removes necessity. Needn't have describes unnecessary completed action; didn't need to only states absence of necessity. Be allowed to and have to supply forms unavailable to some modals.
Examples in context
Notice how each form fits its sentence. Read the context before choosing a form.
- You mustn't disclose this password; it is prohibited.
- We needn't have booked; there were plenty of seats. (we did book)
- She had to show identification.
- Will we be allowed to leave early?
- You don't have to attend; it's entirely optional.
