Grammar · A2

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Includes Present simple vs present continuous

Present Simple vs Present Continuous. Use the present simple for habits and states; use the continuous for actions in progress and temporary arrangements.

Present Perfect — form and use

Includes Present perfect

Present Perfect — form and use. Form the present perfect with have/has + past participle.

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

Present Perfect vs Past Simple. Use the past simple with finished past time such as yesterday.

Past Simple — form and use

Includes Past simple

Past Simple — form and use. Past-simple positives use a past form; questions and negatives use did + base form.

Past Continuous vs Past Simple

Includes Past simple vs past continuous

Past Continuous vs Past Simple. The past continuous describes an action already in progress at a past moment.

Past Perfect

Past Perfect. Form the past perfect with had + past participle to show an event before another past reference point.

Will vs be going to

Includes Will and going to

Will vs be going to. Will is common for instant decisions, offers and predictions based on belief.

Present Continuous for future arrangements

Present Continuous for future arrangements. Use the present continuous for a future arrangement, often with a person, time or place already agreed.

Review of all A2 verb tenses

Review of all A2 verb tenses. Choose a tense from the time relationship: routine, current activity, completed past, background past, earlier past, experience up to now or future intention.

Have to / don't have to / must / mustn't

Have to / don't have to / must / mustn't. Must and have to express obligation.

Should / shouldn't

Should / shouldn't. Should + base verb gives advice or says what is a good idea.

Might / might not

Might / might not. Might + base verb expresses an uncertain possibility.

May vs might

May vs might. May and might can both express uncertain possibility; there is no fixed percentage difference.

Used to / didn't use to

Used to / didn't use to. Used to + base verb describes past habits or states that are no longer true.

Uses of go

Uses of go. Go can describe movement, activities and changes.

Uses of get

Uses of get. Get can mean receive, obtain, arrive or become.

Do vs Make

Do vs Make. Do commonly describes tasks, work and activities; make often concerns creating something or producing a result.

Verbs with two objects

Verbs with two objects. Some verbs allow person + thing or thing + to/for + person: give someone a book; give a book to someone.

Stative vs dynamic verbs

Stative vs dynamic verbs. Stative verbs describe possession, thought, feelings or relationships and normally use simple forms.

Phrasal verbs — transitive/intransitive, separable/inseparable

Phrasal verbs — transitive/intransitive, separable/inseparable. A transitive phrasal verb has an object; an intransitive one does not.

First Conditional + future time clauses

Includes First conditional

First Conditional + future time clauses. The first conditional describes a real future possibility: if + present, will/can + base verb.

Second Conditional

Second Conditional. The second conditional imagines an unlikely or unreal present/future situation: if + past form, would + base verb.

Present/Past Simple Passive

Present/Past Simple Passive. The passive uses be + past participle.

Reported / Indirect Speech

Reported / Indirect Speech. Reported statements often shift a tense back after said/told when reporting from a later viewpoint.

Expressing purpose — to / for

Expressing purpose — to / for. Use to + base verb to explain an action's purpose.

Infinitives and gerunds — verb patterns

Infinitives and gerunds — verb patterns. Some verbs take to-infinitives, such as plan and promise; others take -ing, such as avoid and mind.

Subject/object/possessive pronouns + possessive adjectives

Subject/object/possessive pronouns + possessive adjectives. Subject pronouns act as subjects, object pronouns follow verbs or prepositions, possessive adjectives precede nouns, and possessive pronouns stand alone.

Something, anything, nothing etc.

Something, anything, nothing etc.. Compounds with some, any, no and every refer to people, things or places.

Much, many, little, few, some, any

Includes Some, any and much

Much, many, little, few, some, any. Many/few modify plural countable nouns; much/little modify uncountable nouns.

Too / too much / too many / enough

Too / too much / too many / enough. Too means more than needed or acceptable; enough means sufficient.

Most / most of / the most

Most / most of / the most. Most + plural/uncountable noun refers to a general majority.

Defining relative clauses — who, which, that, where

Defining relative clauses — who, which, that, where. Defining relative clauses identify which person or thing is meant, without commas.

So / neither — So am I, Neither do I...

So / neither — So am I, Neither do I.... So + auxiliary + subject agrees with a positive statement; neither + auxiliary + subject agrees with a negative one.

Auxiliary verbs — do, be, have

Auxiliary verbs — do, be, have. Be forms continuous tenses and passives, have forms perfect tenses, and do forms simple-tense questions, negatives and emphasis.

Comparative & superlative adjectives/adverbs

Includes Comparatives and superlatives

Comparative & superlative adjectives/adverbs. Compare adjectives with -er/more and superlatives with -est/most.

No longer / any longer / anymore

No longer / any longer / anymore. No longer usually goes before a main verb or after be.

However / although / because / so / time connectors

However / although / because / so / time connectors. Although introduces a contrasting clause; however connects contrasting sentences and needs suitable punctuation.

Prepositions of movement

Prepositions of movement. Movement prepositions describe direction: into enters, out of exits, across crosses a surface, through passes within something, along follows a line and towards indicates direction without guaranteeing arrival.

On time vs in time / at the end vs in the end

On time vs in time / at the end vs in the end. On time means at the scheduled time; in time means early enough for a purpose.

Prepositions of time

Use at with clock times, on with days and dates, and in with months, years and parts of the day.

Question forms

Question forms. Questions usually invert the subject and an auxiliary.

Subject questions / questions with prepositions

Subject questions / questions with prepositions. A subject question asks who or what performs an action and normally needs no do: Who called? An object question uses the usual auxiliary pattern: Who did you call? Prepositions often remain at the end in everyday questions.

Present continuous

Use am/is/are + verb-ing for an action happening now.

A2: Write the missing words

Produce the grammar yourself: ten focused questions with a clear cue and no answer choices.

A2: Find and fix grammar errors

Find a grammar error and rewrite the sentence. Ten corrections with explanations and targeted review.